Exp 10 — Transfer learning (VGG16)

3) Dataset

• Source: Use a relevant dataset and cite the source in your report.
• Features/Labels: [Describe X and y; mention classes if classification]
• Split: [Train/Validation/Test or K-fold]
• Preprocessing: [Scaling/Normalization, resizing, tokenization, etc.]

4) Procedure / Steps

1. Load dataset and perform preprocessing.
2. Define model architecture and justify key choices.
3. Compile model (loss + optimizer + metrics).
4. Train with validation and log curves.
5. Evaluate on test set and compute required metrics.
6. Summarize observations and limitations.

5) Code (Skeleton)

Paste your complete runnable code below (or attach notebook link in the final submission).

import tensorflow as tf
from tensorflow import keras

base = keras.applications.VGG16(input_shape=(IMG,IMG,3), include_top=False, weights='imagenet')
base.trainable = False

inputs = keras.Input(shape=(IMG,IMG,3))
x = keras.applications.vgg16.preprocess_input(inputs)
x = base(x, training=False)
x = keras.layers.GlobalAveragePooling2D()(x)
x = keras.layers.Dense(256, activation='relu')(x)
x = keras.layers.Dropout(0.3)(x)
outputs = keras.layers.Dense(NUM_CLASSES, activation='softmax')(x)
model = keras.Model(inputs, outputs)
model.compile(optimizer='adam', loss='sparse_categorical_crossentropy', metrics=['accuracy'])

6) Results / Output

• Metrics: [Write your final values: accuracy/F1 or MAE/MSE]
• Plots: [Attach loss/metric curves; prediction vs actual plots if forecasting]
• Screenshots: [Paste screenshots of outputs, confusion matrix, sample predictions]

7) Observations / Discussion

• [Observation 1: what changed when you tuned epochs/batch size?]
• [Observation 2: evidence of overfitting/underfitting?]
• [Observation 3: what improved performance (augmentation, regularization, fine-tuning)?]

8) Conclusion

Write 3–6 lines summarizing what you implemented, key result, and what you learned.

9) Viva Questions

1. Why can VGG16 be heavy for small devices?
2. When would you unfreeze layers for fine-tuning?
3. What is the difference between training and validation data?
4. Explain overfitting and two ways to reduce it.
5. Why do we normalize/scale inputs?
6. What does batch size and epoch mean?
7. How do you choose a loss function for a task?

10) Post-lab Assignment

• Compare frozen vs fine-tuned VGG16.
• Use early stopping and compare best epoch.